Maja Abramowitch (name at birth: Maja Zarch), a Jewish Survivor, born May 1, 1929, in Daugavpils (Latvia). Maja Abramowitch was interviewed in Gauteng, South Africa, in September, 1995.

Highlights

• Maja Abramowitch was in the Daugapils Ghetto in Latvia and in the Bruss-Sopheinwalde (Poland) Concentration Camp, Riga-Kaiserwald (Latvia) Concentration Camp, and the Stuttof (Danzig (FC) Concentration Camp.
• Maja shares her experience of living in the ghettos and in the camps, marching miles on the frozen ground without adequate clothing or food, and witnessing death.

Message

"So much denial that these things hadn't happened…Important [that] people should know that it is true, it happened, and what racial discrimination could cause; what the end result of this sort of hatred towards each other can provide: killing. I hope that the lessons taught or the lessons people will learn from my experience will try to avoid the repetition of that." (Disk 2 of 2, Chapter 7, 0:20:23)

Myrtle Allenbaugh (name at birth: Myrtle Bryant), a War Crimes Trial Participant, born December 12, 1921 in Memphis, Tennessee. Myrtle Allenbaugh was interviewed in and a resident of Conway, Arkansas, in March, 2000.

PLEASE NOTE: This testimony has audio distortion that is not correctable.

Highlights

• Myrtle Allenbaugh was an American who after the war worked in material information in Berlin and as a secretary in military government in Lindenburg for the war trials. She worked as a secretary in the offices of a Dr. Kempner, who crossed examined accused suspects in the Nuremberg Trials (U.S. Military Tribunals).
• Myrtle shares her disbelief and wondered how people in the United States were kept from knowing that something was wrong. As she listened to the trials, she was enlightened to "horrible things" that had gone on and was so affected that she could not talk about it for years. Her husband, Fred, while serving as a solider in one of the United States' battalions, witnessed slave labor and the burned corpses of thousands of people.

Message

"One thing that bothers me now [interviewed in 2000] is why our kids are killing each other in schools…I just hope somewhere somebody learned something. Only time will tell." (Disk 1 of 2, Chapter 18, 1:58:11)

Per Anger, a Rescuer and/or Aid Provider, born July 12, 1913, in Gotenborg, Sweden. Per Anger was interviewed in Stockholm, Sweden, February 21, 1996. He was 82 years old at the time of his interview.

Highlights

• Per Anger became involved in wartime rescue activities and aided survivors after the war. He has been recognized by Yad Vashem and other organizations for his rescue activities.
• Per and his brother joined the home guard volunteer army and began to train for war at age twelve to defend their country because they 'wanted to help save lives.'

Message

"Never forget what happened during that terrible, terrible time. Because if you forget it or you don't learn about it, the risk would be greater of it being repeated again. Spread the knowledge of what happened in this Holocaust situation. It should be documented, in all kinds of ways: films, and books, and so on, interviews like this. Then you should also remember the deeds of Raoul Wallenberg because that in a way gives hope, as long as there was a Raoul Wallenberg, there would be another Raoul Wallenberg again. There's hope." (Disc 1 of 1, Chapter 20, 1:38:16)

(Note: Learn more about Per Anger at http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/anger.html and http://wallenberg.umich.edu/anger.html.)

Mark Brandman (name at birth: Moissi Brandman), a Jewish Survivor, born March 19, 1922, in Gura Humorului, Romania. Mark Brandman lived in New Jersey but interviewed April 17, 1995, in Miami, Florida, USA.

Highlights

• Mark Brandman was confined to a Romanian colony. He also went into hiding and was in the Cernauti Ghetto in Romania and the Murafa Ghetto (Vinnitsa, Ukraine, USSR) and the Mogilev-Podol'skii concentration camp. He was liberated by the Soviet armed forces in Murafa Ghetto in (Vinnitsa, Ukraine, USSR).
• Mark shares his experiences of persecution of Jews while attending school, including Jewish students being beaten up and cheated [out of money and belongings]. He tells how antisemitism manifested itself and increased and the situation for the Jews became progressively worse. Mr. Brandman has traveled and spoken to groups regarding his experience and has been recognized with several awards for his philanthropy.

Message

"It's horrible and terrible and I wish and pray that such a thing never occurs. Logically, such things are not supposed to, such barbarism…You have to be democratic and every person in this world, no matter what race and what upbringing has the same right…It's why it is so important to have this interview and have this record for survivors…I want others to know that the Holocaust was and the concentration camps were inhuman and barbaric." (Disk 2 of 2, Chapter 6, 0:17:57)

Angelo D'Andria, a Liberator and/or Liberation witness, born January 9, 1921, in New York, New York, USA. He was interviewed in New York May 24, 1999, where he lived at the time. Angelo D'Andria was 78 years old at the time of the interview.

Highlights

• Angelo D'Andria entered the air corps during the beginning of war. Much later, he participated in the liberation of the Dachau concentration camp in Germany.
• Among his many wartime experiences, Angelo recounts his experience of seeing piles of bodies in muddy fields. Mr. D'Andria did not share these experiences with his family for almost 30 years.

Message

"When you meet someone, don't pass judgment and try to get along…People will never learn it seems; no matter how many lessons you throw at them…Understand that we are all not the same — but it is the differences that make up this world." (Disc 2 of 2, Chapter 6, 0:20:21)

Ellen Kerry Davis (name at birth: Kerry Ellen Wertheim), a Jewish Survivor, born September 1, 1929, in Hoff Village, Prussia, Germany. Ellen (Kerry) lived in Cincinnati, Ohio, where she was interviewed May 6, 1996; she was 67 at the time of this interview.

Highlights

• Ellen (Kerry) Davis experienced living in orphanages and children's homes where she was fed, among other things, sour milk with cinnamon and sugar. She fled from Nazi controlled territory as a child on the Kindertransport.
• Ellen (Kerry) recounts how her childhood came to an end when she was 7 years old. She remembers many soldiers in black coats coming to her home, taking her father away because he was Jewish. They also took her mother's jewelry, tearing her earrings from her ears and the rings off her fingers. She discusses in detail her experiences on the Kindertransport and her acculturation in the United Kingdom. She mentions that she had always been called Kerry in Germany but her foster mother in the UK insisted on calling her Ellen, which was just one of the many ways she felt alienated. Ellen (Kerry) has volunteered as a tour guide of Holocaust exhibits and has shared her experience with students.

Message

"I have spent my life talking to God: 'Why am I here? Why did I survive and the others [her six siblings] are not?' Only at the end of the exhibition did I realize: I am here as a teacher, to teach these children what not to do in the future. To tell them about the past so the future will not be a repetition of the past." (Disc 1 of 1, Chapter 16, 1:47:46)

Lusia Haberfeld (name at birth: Liza Hasman), a Jewish Survivor, born October 18, 1931, in Lodz, Poland. Lusia Haberfeld lived and was interviewed in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, on October 13, 1996.

Highlights

• Lusia Haberfeld experienced the Warsaw Ghetto, hiding in the bunkers in the ghetto during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, deportations, Majdanek, hiding and evasion in Auschwitz-Birkenau, the gas chambers in Auschwitz, death marches, and Bergen-Belsen where she was liberated.
• Lusia's father and brother were murdered in the gas chambers at Majdanek. Lusia shares her sadness for her brother when she said, "…for being Jewish, he died all by himself, a child of seven years old." She and her mother were in a group of 2000 women marched to the gas chamber in Auschwitz-Birkenau, spent the night there in the chamber with no comprehension of where they were. In the morning the door opened and an SS man said to them in German, "Children, you have been saved."

Message

"I hope never ever that there be another Holocaust, no matter for who, no matter what nation, what religion, no matter what race. I want to say that it is about time people stop killing each other. There is no point in it."

Nicole Holland (name at birth: Cipa Widerman, name used during the war: Pierette Nicodeme), a Jewish Survivor, born November 8, 1922, in Warsaw, Poland. Nicole Holland lived in Fayetteville, Arkansas, and was interviewed October 23, 1998, in Los Angeles, California. Nicole Holland was 75 years old at the time of the interview.

Highlights

• Nicole Holland's experiences included concealed Jewish identity, fleeing from Nazi-controlled territory, being a member of the French Forces of the Interior (FFI) resistance group, and working as an aid giver. Nicole was liberated by the Unites States armed forces in France.
• Nicole talks at length about her flight from Paris, explaining the complexity of assuming a false identity, her participation in the French resistance, and the regular close calls she experienced. After liberation, she describes her emotional chance reunion with a brother who had been imprisoned in four camps.

Message

"Be proud of what you are and never be ashamed; never change the way you are."

Jan Karski (name at birth: Jan Kozielewski), Rescuer and/or Aid Provider, born January 1, 1914, in Lodz, Poland, Russia/Soviet Russia. Dr. Jan Karski lived in Los Angeles, California, and was interviewed in California March 10, 1995.

Highlights

• Jan Karski recounts his experience of providing aid as a courier in the Polish underground, which included a clandestine trip into the Warsaw Ghetto to gain first-hand information to pass through the Underground and various diplomatic channels. Jan recounts his meeting with President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
• Professor Karski is seen as a prominent hero in the eyes of the Jewish people for his activities as a Polish activist. He has been recognized by Yad Vashem and other organizations for aid/rescue.

Message

"Great crimes start with little things. You don't like your neighbor; you don't like him because he is Black, or yellow…or whatever it is. Avoid this: Avoid disliking people. Try to cooperate; don't make distinctions. Bad nations, good nations, it is nonsense. Don't believe in nationalism based on ethnicity; it is a nonsense again…There are no pure, clear races anyway." (Disc 1 of 1, Chapter 24, 1:05:41)

(Note: Learn more about Jan Karski at http://wallenberg.umich.edu/karski.html and http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/karski.html).

Penina Krupitsky (name at birth: Penina Geller, nickname: Nina), a Jewish Survivor, born July 13, 1924, in Cernauti, Romania. Penina Krupitsky was interviewed in and a resident of Little Rock, Arkansas, March 24, 2000. She was 75 1/2 years old at the time of her original interview.

Highlights

• Penina Krupitsky went into hiding in Proskurov (Ukraine, USSR) and also fled from Nazi controlled territory. She experienced Soviet exile and worked as an interpreter after the war.
• Penina recounts her experiences such as the bombings during which time she hid in fields under tall corn. Penina has spoken to students about her experience and founded an organization in Little Rock to assist teachers in teaching students about the Holocaust.

Message

Penina Krupitsky became a citizen May, 1986. She spoke at the ceremony, telling the audience, "We have to be thankful to this great country, that we should not consider that the door is golden as is inscribed in the base of the Statue of Liberty. 'I lift my lamp beside the golden door.' It is golden because they let us in. It depends on every person to make it golden, gold-plated, silver, silver-plated, plastic, metal, wood, whatever. You have to work very hard and not to take anything for granted…" (Disk 2, Chapter 11, 0:37:52)

Vera Laska (name at birth: Vera Oravec), a Political Prisoner, born July 21, 1928, in Kosice, Czechoslovakia. Dr. Vera Laska was interviewed in Weston, Massachusetts, December 12, 1996. She was 69 at time of the interview.

Highlights

• Vera Laska was in the Czech Underground Railroad, using false papers and a false name. After her eventual capture, Vera was a political prisoner in a series of camps: Auschwitz-Birkenau in Poland, Gross Rosen in Germany, and Mittelbau-Dora in Germany. She was on a forced death march from Mittelbau-Dora to Mauthausen when she escaped. She remained in hiding until liberation. She returned to Czechoslovakia at the end of the Prague Uprising in May, 1945, and later worked for the war crimes investigations before coming to the United States. She received a PhD in American history in 1959 and was a professor and author.
• Vera shares her experiences as a member of the Czechoslovakian underground, recruited in part because she was a good skier and was fluent in Czech, Slovak, German, and Hungarian. She also talks at length about her camp experiences, describing Auschwitz-Birkenau from a political prisoner standpoint.

Message

"Celebrate life as much as you can without hurting others. For too much of it has been wasted through sheer madness. Place flowers of sympathy and sorrow on the non-existent graves of millions who were annihilated through cruelty and with malice of forethought. Keep in mind the victims of the Holocaust and their bones scattered all over Europe unmarked with crosses or Stars of David. For if you forget, their sacrifices will have been in vain and humanity will tumble into the abyss of evil again…"

Julia Lentini (name at birth: Juliana Backer), a Sinti and Roma Survivor, born April 15, 1926, in Eisern, Germany. Julia Lentini lived in Hemet, California, and was interviewed November 12, 1995, in California.

Highlights

• Julia Lentini recounts her childhood as part of a large Sinti-Roma (Gypsy) family. She and her family were sent to the camps fairly late for being Sinti-Roma. She was in the Auschwitz II-Birkenau Camp in Poland and Schlieben Concentration Camp in Germany.
• Julia shares how she and her siblings (8 boys and 7 girls) traveled in the summer with their parents, attending school in the fall. Her family felt betrayed by the officials, for it was the officials who took her family away. Her mother, a sister, and a brother were murdered in the concentration camp. She describes her suspicion of officials and how, even at her age of 71 (at the time of the interview), she is incapable of trusting, and her terrible fear of being stopped by the police.

Message

"I hope from all this…somehow, somewhere, will help discourage someone to get all this stuff going again that never, never, never should have happened. Never again should this happen to anyone. Jewish people, religious people, Polish people: I don't care, to the human race. Not a one. And no organization, no government of anywhere in this world should allow it." (Disk 2 of 2, Chapter 6, 0:29:20)

Kurt Lewin (name at birth: Kurt Vel Lewin), a Jewish Survivor and War Trials participant, born February 28, 1925, in Katowice, Poland. Kurt Lewin lived in New York, New York, and was interviewed in New York on January 30, 1997.

Highlights

• Kurt Lewin was in orphanages and children's homes, concealing his Jewish identity. He also was in the Lwow and Rawa Ruska Ghettos in Poland. Mr. Lewin escaped from the ghetto and was hidden by monks in a monastery. He was liberated by the Soviet armed forces in Lwow, Poland, and was in displaced person camps for a time.
• Mr. Lewin named his sons after the monks who befriended him and became his benefactors. He shares how the monks not only saved his life but that they befriended Jews at a time when nobody else was interested in befriending or having compassion on them. He also shares the memory of his brother who was murdered on the street in front of his mother at the age of twelve, just for being Jewish.

Message

"[I agreed to make this tape because…] I want to take every opportunity to create a record in memory of those people who perished. In sitting here, I speak essentially for a community that was wiped out." (Disc 2 of 2, Chapter 11, 59:21:42)

Esther Loeb (maiden name: Esther Kirshenberg), a Jewish Survivor, born September 15, 1925, in Lodz (Poland). She was interviewed in Nashville, Tennessee, April 28, 1997.

Highlights

• Esther Loeb and her family went into hiding and then fled from Nazi controlled territory and went into Soviet exile. She later was in a displaced person's camp.
• Esther shares her memories of experiencing hunger and starvation in Soviet exile. Once in America after the war, she met her husband who taught her to read, write, and to speak English. She writes poetry, and reads for the interviewer a couple poems she wrote, including one from 1985, "The Legacy."
• Message: "One person's hate can instigate a whole nation to hate…where is the tragedy going to stop? When is it going to stop? You know something? It can be repeated. In this country and all over…If we knock long enough, somebody will answer. And somebody has to answer." (Disc 1 of 2, Chapter 29, 1:53:35)

Lotte Marcus (maiden name: Lusting) a Jewish Survivor, born May 9, 1927, in Vienna, Austria. She was interviewed November 1998, in Carmel Highlands, California. Dr. Marcus was 71 at the time of the interview.

Highlights

• Lotte Marcus and her family fled from Nazi controlled territory to Shanghai. She was liberated by the United States armed forces in Hongkew Ghetto in Shanghai, China.
• Dr. Marcus recounts being an ice skater as a child, being groomed to compete in the Austrian competitive events before she was excluded for being Jewish which greatly affected her personally. She describes in detail the experience of the Shanghai ghetto and of her eventual immigration to the United States.

Message

Dr. Marcus states, "I no longer believe blood is thicker than water. I think that relationships and geography is thick and when people can't make it together, they have so many strands in their lives, it is very hard to reconnect. (Disk 2 of 2, Chapter 8, 0: 28:55)

Alexandra Mayzel-Lauterbach (maiden name: Mayzel), a Jewish Survivor, born November 14, 1935, in Warsaw, Poland. She was interviewed October 6, 1995, in Los Angeles, California.

Highlights

• Alexandra Mayzel-Lauterbach escaped from deportations and from the ghettos. She went into hiding, concealing her Jewish identity. Alexandra was in orphanages and children's homes. She was also in the Czestochowa Ghetto in Poland and the Warsaw Ghetto in Poland before being liberated by Soviet armed forces in Warsaw. After the war, Alexandra was in a displaced persons camp.
• Alexandra describes her life as a five year old when the war began as an 'only child in a big family' who enjoyed dance and reciting poetry. She describes how her father, a lawyer, and her mother, who was a wealthy burlesque dancer, lost everything when the war started. She shares how her mother was beaten badly and that her grandmother committed suicide.

Message

"I really do feel so strongly that people are the same independently of their nationality…I understand that there will always be tension between minorities or people who are a little bit different will always be not treated equally…" (Disc 1 of 1, Chapter 34, 1:38:33)

Paul Parks, a Liberator, born May 7, 1923. He was interviewed October 23, 1995, in Boston, MA, USA. Mr. Parks was 72 years old at the time of the interview.

Highlights

• Paul Parks went to college at Purdue University but was drafted into the Army at the age of 19. Mr. Parks shares his role as a liberator at the Dachau Concentration Camp in Germany, and his horror when he saw the conditions the prisoners had to live in. Mr. Parks also shares his experience of digging a mass grave with a bulldozer in order to bury people who had been murdered because they were Jewish.
• Mr. Parks' father, a Seminole Native American, was born on a reservation in Florida. His mother was African American and Creek, and lived on the same reservation. Mr. Parks shares his experience of prejudice and bigotry, comparing the slavery experience of Blacks to the slavery experience of Jewish prisoners in the concentration camps. He also marched, was imprisoned, and worked in civil rights with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Mr. Parks continued to work with civil rights after the death of Dr. King.

Message

"I just hope that somehow, through the words I am saying to you and what other people are saying and what Mr. Spielberg is doing, that it will act as a constant reminder to everybody that let's don't participate in bigotry and hate and making judgments about races and classes of people based upon things they can do nothing about…Mr. Spielberg will use these interviews as ways to constantly say to people 'think about it, before you go down that road; think very seriously, because the next person might as well could be you.'" (Disc 2 of 2)

Lawrence Rhee, a War Crimes Trial Participant, born July 13, 1917, in Recklinghausen, Germany. He was interviewed April 9, 1996, in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Lawrence Rhee was 78 years old at the time of his interview.

Highlights

• Lawrence Rhee immigrated to the United States with his family in January 1936. Later, Lawrence joined the 49th Division and fought in France and Germany. After the war he was a translator during the war crime trials although he had hoped to be an interpreter. As a translator, he helped to convict three of the top offenders. He describes how the German people were often told lies and other propaganda in order to keep them unaware.
• Lawrence shares pictures he collected during the trials, which he took from the projection booth during the trials, pictures he termed 'off the cuff' [smuggled], including pictures of Hitler's top aides, graphic pictures of Jewish victims hanging from trees. He also describes a decapitation machine and other torture devices found during the investigation.

Message

"I would like to tell the people who are watching, who see this, to see the evidence that racial and religious strife is one of the worst things that can happen to humanity." (Disk 2 of 2, Chapter 9, 0:29:04)

Joseph Schoen, a Jehovah's Witness, born October 18, 1910, in Cikov (Czechoslovakia), Austria-Hungary. He was interviewed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on May 31, 1998.

Highlights

• Joseph Schoen was involved in Underground Jehovah's Witness activity during prewar and wartime. He fled from Nazi controlled territory. He was arrested because of his religion and was in the Aschendorfermoor Concentration Camp, Esterwegen Concentration Camp, the Kassel Concentration Camp, and the Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp, all in Germany. He was also forced to participate in death marches.
• Joseph describes early war experiences such as witnessing people being shot down with machine guns. He recalls starvation during the death marches, walking for miles in the cold and snow. If a person fell down from exhaustion, he/she was shot by the Nazis. His story often reflects his devout beliefs as a Jehovah's Witness.

Message

"How my experiences have affected me? I would have to say learn you can help others with experiences like this." (Disk 2 of 2, Chapter 6, 0; 20:10)

Maya Schwartz (name at birth: Maya Finkel), a Jewish Survivor, born April 13, 1932, in Paris, France. Maya Schwartz was interviewed in Los Angeles, California, USA, on November 11, 1996.

Highlights

• Maya Schwartz went into hiding during the war in several places, including convents and monasteries. She concealed her Jewish identity, living under false identity in several cities in France: Clinchy, Grenoble, Montmorency, and Paris. Maya was sent to several orphanages and children's homes, and was liberated by the United States armed forces in Grenoble (France).
• Maya describes the hardship, starvation, and death she witnessed beginning when she was ten years old.

Message

"I have often endured persecution and antisemitism. I am aware of hardship in my life and other people's life, so I feel very strongly that we have to be vigilant. We have to fight for the oppressed. Somehow the torch must be carried on — to do what is right, not to close our eyes or turn away." (Disc 1 of 1, Chapter 36, 1:39:49)

Bronia Sonnenschein (maiden name Schwebel), a Jewish Survivor, born July 12, 1915, in Zloczow, (Poland), Austria-Hungary. She was interviewed January 23, 1996, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Highlights

• Bronia Sonneschein was in the Lodz Ghetto in Poland and the Theresienstadt Ghetto in Czechoslovakia. She fled from Nazi controlled territory and later was in the Auschwitz II-Birkenau Death Camp in Poland, Dresden-Bernsdorf & Co. Concentration Camp in Germany, and Stutthof Concentration Camp. Bronia was forced on death marches and was liberated by Soviet armed forces in the Theresienstadt Ghetto, Czechoslovakia.
• Bronia describes growing up in Vienna in an average family and has vivid memories of school years; she shares a verse she memorized and recited for Purim where she played the role of Mordecai. She also talks of a kindness shown toward her by a mentor who gave her an eagle's feather, which she has kept all of this time. She explains the colors in the eagle's feather; i.e.: orange for compassion, purple for knowledge…She values the eagle's feather highly because it was given with great love and understanding.

Message

"For all of the children: Not all of us have been given a special talent, a gift. But all of us can try to be the best in whatever we do. By being tolerant and understanding toward each other regardless of the religion we practice or the color of our skin — we can and we must make a commitment towards world peace. Do not expect others to do your job. You have to stand on your own feet, and never give up. There are bound to be stones along the way. Try to step over them. I believe in miracles. I survived against all odds. Believe in miracles. They do come true, sometimes. Good luck." (Disk 2 of 2, Chapter 3, 0:08:10)

Michael Stern, a Liberator and/or Liberation Witness, born August 3, 1910, in New York, New York, USA. He was interviewed in New York, New York, USA. Mr. Stern was 88 years old at the time of this interview.

Highlights

• Michael was a war trials observer, witness, and war correspondent. He shares his recollection of the liberation of Dachau, seeing the 'death trains' and the many piles of bodies of Jewish people who had been murdered or left to die.
• As a journalist, Michael wrote feature stories on the war for various U.S. publications. For one feature, Michael describes how he tried to find Pastor Martin Niemoller in Dachau and surrounding areas. His training and experience as a journalist is a central part of his narrative.

Message

"Generally wars rarely solve problems; generally they create more problems than they solve…The things I have seen will be with me until I die…we must never forget, and anyone who forgets makes it possible that we will re-live it." (Disk 2 of 2, Chapter 25: 0:45:26)

Jack Unikowski (name at birth: Izrael Unikowski), a Jewish Survivor, born January 8, 1926, in Kalisz, Poland. He was interviewed in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, on March 19, 1998. He was 72 at the time of his interview.

Highlights

• Jack Unikowski was in orphanages and children's homes. He also was in the Lodz Ghetto (Poland), Auschwitz I Concentration Camp and the Budy Concentration Camp in Poland, the Auschwitz II-Birkenau Death Camp in Poland, Buchenwald Concentration Camp in Germany, and he was liberated by the United States armed forces in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp in Germany.
• Jack speaks at length about his time as an orphan in the Lodz Ghetto, from its establishment in 1940 to its closure in 1944, after which he was deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. He also talks about Chaim Rumkowski, the chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz Ghetto. Jack provides details about his time in all of the camps, including Buchenwald. His testimony about liberation is very descriptive.

Message

"I feel presumptuous to leave a message of advice. I can express a wish…I think the Jewish people, being no worse and no better than the other people, deserve a chance to live and deserve to continue…Stay tolerant because we have learned what intolerance can bring — such a Holocaust that can take — for no other reason than they were born different — 1 1/2 million Jewish children to kill and then millions of men and women…"

Zwia Weiss (birth name: Berta Marganna Samuel), a Jewish Survivor, was born June 22, 1929, in Budapest, Hungary. She was interviewed March 25, 2000, in Little Rock, Arkansas. At the time of this interview, she was 70 years old.

Highlights

• Zwia Weiss hid or lived under false identity in Budapest and Esztergom (Hungary). She was a member of a Jewish resistance group. She was on forced death marches. She was liberated in Germany and was in displaced persons camps.
• She used false papers and did not have the star on her 'pajamas.' She shares her experiences in the participation of resistance organizations and talks in length about how events unfolded in Hungary during the Holocaust, including references to Miklós Horthy.

Message

"Be nice to each other. Appreciate what you have. That is the problem; they have so much when they are young…You never know what can happen to you." (Disc 1 of 1, Chapter 20, 1:43, 24)

Rose Winterfeldt (name at birth: Rose Charlotte Lehmann), Jewish Survivor, born September 9, 1927, in Berlin (Prussia, Germany). She was interviewed in New York, New York, USA. At the time of this interview she was 69 years old.

Highlights

• Rose Winterfeldt spent the entire war in Berlin. As such she is unique in her description of events as they unfolded in Germany before, during, and after the war.
• Rose shares her experiences of the restrictions she experienced as a child in Germany and the restrictions forced upon anyone of the Jewish faith, such as posted signs forbidding them in parks, restaurants, movies

Message

"This interview I felt I had to do for everybody who comes after me, so they will know what people can do to people. It should be a warning; it should be a lesson — if anybody tramples on your rights, you should speak up and not let it go. And to everybody in America, I say, be grateful to live in America, the greatest country — with all of its freedoms and its rights. You are protected, and I am grateful to be here." (Disk 2 of 2, Chapter 5, 0:20:47)